# Stochastic Oscillator

## 🔍 What is it?

The **Stochastic Oscillator** is a momentum indicator developed by George Lane in the 1950s. It compares a specific closing price of an asset to a range of its prices over a set period, aiming to reveal overbought and oversold conditions in the market.

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The indicator operates on the idea that in an uptrend, prices tend to close near their highs, and in a downtrend, they close near their lows. By tracking this tendency, traders can spot potential reversals.

## ⚙ How it works

The Stochastic Oscillator has two main components:

* **%K**: the primary line, showing the current price position within the recent range.
* **%D**: a moving average of %K (usually 3-period), acting as a signal line.

The formula for %K is:

```
%K = (Current Close - Lowest Low) / (Highest High - Lowest Low) × 100
```

Where:

* _Lowest Low_ and _Highest High_ are taken over a defined period (commonly 14 periods).

The result is a value between 0 and 100.

## 📖 How to read it

The most common interpretation of the Stochastic Oscillator involves identifying **overbought and oversold levels**:

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* **Above 80**: Overbought — price may be too high and due for a correction.
* **Below 20**: Oversold — price may be too low and could rise soon.

Signals are generated when:

* %K crosses **above** %D from below 20 → **bullish signal**
* %K crosses **below** %D from above 80 → **bearish signal**

However, a signal is stronger when it happens along with divergence or in the direction of the larger trend.

## ⚙️ Best settings

Typical default settings:

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* **%K period**: 14
* **%D period**: 3
* **Slowing**: 3 (smooths out the %K line)
* **Overbought level**: 80
* **Oversold level**: 20

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Adjust these settings depending on timeframes and asset volatility. For example, shorter periods (like 5 or 9) make the oscillator more sensitive and suitable for scalping or intraday strategies.

## 🧠 How to use it in a strategy

1. **Reversal trading**:
   * Wait for the oscillator to enter the overbought/oversold zone.
   * Enter a trade when %K crosses %D and price shows signs of reversal.
2. **Trend confirmation**:
   * Use in combination with moving averages or trendlines.
   * During uptrends, take only oversold crossovers as buy opportunities.
3. **Divergence spotting**:
   * Bullish divergence: price makes lower lows, but the oscillator makes higher lows.
   * Bearish divergence: price makes higher highs, but the oscillator makes lower highs.

## ⚠️ Common mistakes

* **Over-relying on overbought/oversold levels**: In strong trends, the oscillator can stay above 80 or below 20 for extended periods.
* **Ignoring trend context**: Always consider the broader market trend to avoid premature entries.
* **Using it standalone**: Stochastic works best with confluence — support/resistance, trendlines, volume, or other indicators.

## 🧠 Final thoughts

The **Stochastic Oscillator** is a timeless tool for spotting momentum shifts and price exhaustion. It’s especially useful in ranging or moderately trending markets. However, it requires confirmation and context for maximum effectiveness.

Incorporate it wisely with other tools and stay cautious of false signals in volatile conditions.
